Assessment of complement regulatory proteins CD35 and CD55 in β-thalassemia patients

Abstract

Background
Reduced or absent production of Beta globin chain causing a hemolytic anemia known as beta thalassemia which is an inherited
anemia of variable severity results from imbalances of globin chains, ineffective erythropoiesis and hemolysis. Red Blood cells
are protected from lysis caused by complement via the complement regulatory proteins CD35 and CD55.
Aim of the study
To evaluate CD35 and CD5 in beta thalassemia cases and correlate the serum level of CD35 and CD55 with clinical and hematological
parameters.
Patients and methods
A case control study , included 60 patients who were a known case of β-thalassemia aged between 2_30 years and control group
of 20 participants who were healthy and age and sex matched with case group. All hematological parameters were done by automated
hematological analyzer.Serum level of CD35 and CD55wereestimated in both patients and control subjects by ELISA
technique.
Results
In this study, Mean RBC, Hb, PCV, MCH, and MCV were significantly lower in thalassemia cases. Serum level of CD35 was
significantly lower ,while CD55was significantly higher in patients with thalassemia .There were significant weak positive correlations
between CD35and both of RBC and PCV level.
Conclusion
A low level of CD35 in β thalassemia patients can accelerate the RBC lysis by permitting complement deposition on them
.CD35 level showed positive correlation with RBC and PCV and negative correlation with RDW. CD55 is high in thalassemia
but with no significant correlation with any of thalassemic patients’ characteristics.