Impact factors affecting the prevalence of skin cancer (melanoma): A review

The prevalence of skin cancer

Abstract

The skin of humans is thought to be the primary immune barrier, and repeated exposure to various carcinogens and mutagens can have an impact on it. The ability of these dangerous substances to cause skin cancer (melanoma) depends on a number of underlying factors, including the individual’s genetic predisposition, the amount and duration of exposure, their overall health, their age, sex, and race, and their nutritional and lifestyle choices. The elements as mentioned above have the potential to activate oncogenes linked to specific forms of skin cancer. Carcinogens may be chemical substances such as those that alter DNA and cause dimers, a common DNA abnormality, or physical particles such as radiation and prolonged sun exposure. When the body does not eliminate these melanoma-related dimers through proofreading activity, physiological function will continue, and cancer will develop as a result of unchecked cellular proliferation. This review aims to provide an overview of the mechanism(s) underlying the development of cancer (ideally, skin malignancies in general and melanoma in particular), as well as its diagnosis, therapy, and variables contributing to its occurrence in the human body.